Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association

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Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in the Insulin Resistant Patient
Module 1: Pathophysiology & Consequences of Insulin Resistance
1 CE Credit
Release Date: January 2007
COURSE OVERVIEW:
This module will describe the current guidelines for insulin resistance (IR) and the criteria for identifying those at risk. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms may be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes in patients who first exhibit IR. These will be reviewed along with other potential mechanisms for the clinical consequences of IR and insulin resistance syndrome (IRS).
PRESENTER:
Cindy Lamendola, MSN, ANP, FAHA
Clinical Research Coordinator
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, CA
PRESENTER BIO:
Cindy Lamendola is a Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Research Coordinator at Stanford University School of Medicine, in the Department of Cardiology in Stanford, California. Cindy’s time is divided between clinical research and clinical practice. Her clinical research focus is on insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and the relationship to cardiovascular disease. Her clinical practice is focused on caring for complex patients with type 2 diabetes. Cindy is a founding member, past president and current board member of the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association. She is also a member and fellow of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing Council as well as a member of the American Diabetes Association. She currently serves on the review board for the Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and the Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. Cindy is past president of the California Society for Cardiac Rehabilitation and is a fellow of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. She has spoken nationally on insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, lipid management, and cardiovascular risk factors, and has also published articles in peer-reviewed journals on these subjects.

COURSE EDITORS:
Joanna D. Sikkema, MSN, ARNP
Carol M. Mason, ARNP, FAHA
CE Course Outline

Print slides/handouts (pdf)

Step 1: Take Course
Step 2: Take CE Exam
Step 3: Quick Evaluation
Step 4: Print CE Certificate


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EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES:
Upon completion of this program, participants will be able to:
  1. Review the different definitions of insulin resistance syndrome/metabolic syndrome
  2. Define insulin resistance
  3. Describe the associated metabolic abnormalities correlated with insulin resistance
  4. Understand the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and the relationship to cardiovascular disease
  5. Review the potential mechanisms for the clinical consequences of insulin resistance
AUDIENCE:
The audience for this course consists of nurses and nurse practitioners specializing in cardiovascular disease prevention and management.

PRESENTER DISCLOSURES:
The presenter has no commercial relationships to disclose.

SPONSOR/ACCREDITOR:
This activity is sponsored by the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association (PCNA). PCNA is approved as a provider of nurse practitioner continuing education by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) - provider number 030602. PCNA will provide 1 contact hour of continuing education for this program.

GRANTOR:
This continuing education activity is supported by unrestricted educational grants from KOS Pharmaceuticals and Cholestech Corporation.

COST:
This online educational activity is offered free of charge.

PARTICIPATION IN THE ACTIVITY AND RECEIPT OF CERTIFICATE OF CREDIT:
Complete the online course, online exam, and the evaluation form; and submit your results electronically. Exams will be graded and results displayed instantaneously. Participants who receive a passing score of 80% or higher will receive an electronic, printable certificate of completion following the exam. Participants will have 2 opportunities to successfully complete the exam.

MODULE 1 REFERENCES:
  • Abbasi, F. JCEM. 2000;85:1251-1254.
  • Abbasi. Arterioscler Thromb asc Biol. 1999;19:2818-21.
  • Circulation. 2005;112:2735-2752.
  • Després, J. et al. NEJM. 1996;334:952:957.
  • Ducimetière, P. et al. Diabetologia. 1980;19:205-210.
  • Facchini, FS, et al. JCEM. 2001;86:3574.
  • Ford, ES. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22:1971-1977.
  • Ford, E. Diabetes Care. 2005 Nov;28(11):2745-9.
  • Ford et al. JAMA. 2002;287:356-359. NHANES III data.
  • Grundy, S.
  • Libby & Plutzky. Circulation Nov 26, 2002.
  • McLaughlin, T. et .al. Circulation. 2002;106:2908-2912.
  • Pyörälä, J. et al. Circ. 1998;98:398-404.
  • Reaven, G. Comprehensive Clinical Endocrinology, third Ed. 2002.
  • Reaven, G. Diabetes.1988;37:1596-1607.
  • Reaven, G. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease, Physio Rev. 1995;75:473-486.
  • Reaven, GM. Endocrinol Metab Clin N AM. 2005;34, 49-62.
  • Reaven, GM. et al. J Clin Invest. 1993;92;141-146.
  • Stuhnger, MC. et al JAMA. 2002;287:1420-1426.
  • Tsao, P.
  • Yeni-Komshian, H. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:171-175.


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